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A Simple Counter Example

Overview

Here’s a complete counter application. It wires up the core of the loop from the Architecture page (a Model, Messages, update, init, and view).

A Foldkit app lives in two files. src/main.ts holds the pure definitions: Model, Messages, update, init, view, etc. src/entry.ts imports them and boots the runtime. The split keeps main.ts importable from tests without booting a runtime as a side effect.

import { Match as M, Schema as S } from 'effect'
import { Command, Runtime } from 'foldkit'
import { Document, html } from 'foldkit/html'
import { m } from 'foldkit/message'

// MODEL

export const Model = S.Struct({
  count: S.Number,
})
export type Model = typeof Model.Type

// MESSAGE

const ClickedDecrement = m('ClickedDecrement')
const ClickedIncrement = m('ClickedIncrement')
const ClickedReset = m('ClickedReset')

export const Message = S.Union([
  ClickedDecrement,
  ClickedIncrement,
  ClickedReset,
])
export type Message = typeof Message.Type

// UPDATE

export const update = (
  model: Model,
  message: Message,
): readonly [Model, ReadonlyArray<Command.Command<Message>>] =>
  M.value(message).pipe(
    M.withReturnType<
      readonly [Model, ReadonlyArray<Command.Command<Message>>]
    >(),
    M.tagsExhaustive({
      ClickedDecrement: () => [{ count: model.count - 1 }, []],
      ClickedIncrement: () => [{ count: model.count + 1 }, []],
      ClickedReset: () => [{ count: 0 }, []],
    }),
  )

// INIT

export const init: Runtime.ProgramInit<Model, Message> = () => [
  { count: 0 },
  [],
]

// VIEW

export const view = (model: Model): Document => {
  const h = html<Message>()

  return {
    title: `Counter: ${model.count}`,
    body: h.div(
      [
        h.Class(
          'min-h-screen bg-white flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-6 p-6',
        ),
      ],
      [
        h.div(
          [h.Class('text-6xl font-bold text-gray-800')],
          [model.count.toString()],
        ),
        h.div(
          [h.Class('flex flex-wrap justify-center gap-4')],
          [
            h.button(
              [h.OnClick(ClickedDecrement()), h.Class(buttonStyle)],
              ['-'],
            ),
            h.button(
              [h.OnClick(ClickedReset()), h.Class(buttonStyle)],
              ['Reset'],
            ),
            h.button(
              [h.OnClick(ClickedIncrement()), h.Class(buttonStyle)],
              ['+'],
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ],
    ),
  }
}

// STYLE

const buttonStyle = 'bg-black text-white hover:bg-gray-700 px-4 py-2 transition'

entry.ts is the only place runtime side effects happen. Runtime.makeProgram bundles the pieces together. Runtime.run starts the app.

import { Runtime } from 'foldkit'

import { Model, init, update, view } from './main'

const program = Runtime.makeProgram({
  Model,
  init,
  update,
  view,
  container: document.getElementById('root'),
})

Runtime.run(program)

Don’t worry about understanding every line yet. The next four pages break this code apart piece by piece. After that, we’ll add new features to the counter (a delayed reset, auto-counting, loading saved state) and each one will introduce a new concept.

Let’s start with the Model: the single data structure that holds everything your application can be.